However, due to the lack of testing facilities, there is a long way to a confirmatory conclusion. There can be multiple reasons for the potential outbreak, however, previous literature cites that lack of adequate testing centres, poor sanitation, inadequate lifestyles, absent surveillance system, flooding, geopolitical instability, and easy access to neighbouring countries via the construction of highways have made Pakistan, more prone to arboviral infection, primarily Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), WNV, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Dengue viruses (DENV).
Vaccination Against West Nile virus:
Currently, there is no licensed WNV vaccine for people. In 2005, the U.S. Department of Agriculture licensed a DNA vaccine to prevent WNV in horses, and since then, at least four other types of WNV vaccines have been approved for use in horses. Treatment includes supportive therapies at hospital.
References
– Waseem, S., Shaikh, T. G., Ahmed, S. H., Usama, R. M., Asghar, M. S., & Tahir, M. J. (2022). West Nile virus outbreak in Pakistan: Another potential public health threat in the pipeline?. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 77, 103663.
– Turner, J., 2020. West Nile Virus in Horses | New Mexico State University. [online] Pubs.nmsu.edu. Available at: <https://pubs.nmsu.edu/_b/B719/index.html> [Accessed 11 August 2022].